32 Rollo (Robert), The First Norman of Normandy

 
The Normandy coast was repeatedly devastated by raids of the Vikings, or Northmen, from the 8th century on, and as its Carolingian rulers became weaker, the Vikings penetrated farther inland in the course of their depredations. To calm the appetite of a formidable warrior amongst them, and in an effort to gain his willingness to protect France from other Viking marauders,  the beleaguered French king Charles the Simple ceded  a part of Nuestria in the region surronding the city of Rouen and the mouth of the Seine River to a (probably Danish) man named Rollo.  Rollo is said to have been chief of the largest band of Vikings, and the ceded land was formalized in the Treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte (911). This region shortly later became the Duchy of Normandy. The purpose and process involved in Normandy's evolution is not dissimilar to Alfred the Great's establishment of the Danelaw in England, which served much the same result, allowing sea going marauders to settle down, work the land, build and expand their towns, and experience less of an appetite for the sea and raids upon now neighbors and allies.  So it is that the region became known as Normandy,  was populated and ruled by men from the North, and the people living there known as Normans.  Rollo died by 933 when his son William Longsword is found their leader. Although he is said to have been baptized at Rouen with the christian name Robert in 912, he is also purported to have died as he was born, a pagan.
Rollo's ascendancy is often purported. He was probably Danish and not Norse as so often presented; He  is felt confused with Rolf the Granger, AKA the Norseman Hrólfr, son of Rognvaldr of Møre . Rollo's  ascendancy must be considered unknown. the immensely valuable Henry Project Web pages state: "based on the surviving evidence, it is not possible to come to any definitive conclusion one way or the other, and Rollo's parentage should be listed as "unknown" unless further evidence becomes available."⁶⁵

"Charles, greatly rejoiced to find himself thus able to put a stop to
the dreadful devastations of the Northmen, readily agreed to the terms
proposed by Rollo, appointing the village of St. Clair-sur-Epte, on
the borders of Neustria, as the place of meeting for the purpose of
receiving his homage and oath of fealty. It was a strange meeting which
there took place between the degenerate and almost imbecile descendant
of the great Charles, with his array of courtly followers and his
splendor and luxury, and the gigantic warrior of the North, the founder
of a line of kings, in all the vigor of the uncivilized native of a cold
climate, and the unbending pride of a conqueror, surrounded by his tall
warriors, over whom his chieftainship had hitherto depended only on
their own consent, gained by his acknowledged superiority in wisdom in
council and prowess in battle.

The greatest difficulty to be overcome in this conference, was the
repugnance felt by the proud Northman to perform the customary act of
homage before any living man, especially one whom he held so cheap as
Charles the Simple. He consented, indeed, to swear allegiance, and
declare himself the "King's man," with his hands clasped between those
of Charles; but the remaining part of the ceremony, the kneeling to
kiss the foot of his liege lord, he absolutely refused, and was with
difficulty persuaded to permit one of his followers to perform it in his
name. The proxy, as proud as his master, instead of kneeling, took the
King's foot in his hand, and lifted it to his mouth, while he stood
upright, thus overturning both monarch and throne, amid the rude
laughter of his companions, while the miserable Charles and his
courtiers felt such a dread of these new vassals that they did not dare
to resent the insult....
All this history of Rolf, or Rollo, is, however, very doubtful; and
nothing can be considered as absolutely established but that Neustria,
or Normandy, was by him and his Northmen settled under a grant from the
Frank king, Charles the Simple, and the French duke, Robert, Count of
Paris.
" The Project Gutenberg EBook of Cameos from English History, from Rollo to
Edward II, by Charlotte Mary Yonge (First published 1868)

Rollo's identification is somewhat clouded by the many historians and sagas  posthumously identifying him as son and brother, but documentation adequately describing his birth family remains absent. He is often identified as one in the same as the Norseman Hrólfr, son of Rognvaldr of Møre, AKA Rolf the Granger,  for which complicated and questionable identification see Stewart Baldwin and Tom Farmerie's detailed study at  The Henry Project (The ancestors of king Henry II of England) . There it is explained that this misidentification is felt owed to  "William of Malmesbury (early 12th century) (who) appears to be the earliest author to attribute a Norwegian origin to Rollo [WM ii, 5 (p. 125)].....As is well known, the Orkneyinga Saga (late twelfth century) [OrkS 4 (pp. 29-30)], followed by other Icelandic sources (such as the well known Heimskringla and Landnámabók), gives Rollo the name Hrólfr, and make him a son of Rognvaldr, jarl of Møre, and brother of (among others) jarl Torf-Einarr of the Orkneys [OI 1: 187]. Earlier sources, such as Ari's Íslendingabók (early to middle 12th century), mention Rognvald of Møre and his son Hrollaugr who settled in Iceland, but not the supposed connection to the dukes of Normandy [Ari 49, 61]. A poem allegedly written by Einar mentions his brothers, including a Hrólfr, but does not connect Hrólfr to Normandy, and does not name a Gorm among the brothers...."⁶⁵
Succinctly identifying the confusion, Tom Farmerie, one of the authors of the Henry Project,  writes in post apart:

 ìBasically, there are no similarities whatsoever between the Hrolf of the Orkneyinga Saga and the Rollo of Norman histories.  One is Norse and too fat to ride on a horse with a large family of brothers, but no Gorm among them, and is named Hrolf (but has a brother named Hrollogr - which appears to represent Rollo).  The other is quite militarily active, and a Dane, with only named sibling Gorm, and is named Rollo.  It sure looks like the Norman leader has been mistakenly identified with this Rollo.  The biographical material for Rollo comes from an historian, a contemporary of Rollo's grandson, Richard I, while the Hrolf stuff comes from a saga tradition recorded 200+ years later.î" Todd Farmerie, one of the scholars involved in the Henry Project,   in SocGen.Midieval post entitled Re: Orkneyinga Saga and Landnamabok Dated 2001-02-23

Finally, in presenting what is known of Rollo, Mr Baldwin  writes in the The Henry Project (The ancestors of king Henry II of England) , mounted by Stewart Baldwin and Todd Farmerie:

"Although he is often referred to as the first duke of Normandy, that title is an anachronism. Probably about 911 [see Douglas 426-31], king Charles the Simple of France ceded a district around the city of Rouen to Rollo, which eventually evolved into the duchy of Normandy. He is said to have been baptized in 912, assuming the Christian name Robert [Dudo ii, 30 (p. 50)]. He was still living in 928, when he was holding Eudes, son of Heribert of Vermandois, as a captive [Flodoard's Annals, s.a. 928, see PL 135: 439, van Houts 45], and was probably dead by 933, when his son William was mentioned as leading the Normans [Flodoard's Annals, s.a. 933, see PL 135: 445, van Houts 45]."⁶⁵From "See Europäisch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 36."³

Rollo  married his mistress Poppa [said to be dtr Berengar]^{75,76,77,78,79,80}, said in year 0886  (not backed by good Evidence).^3,81

33 Poppa [said to be dtr Berengar, possible mother]^{75,76,77,78,79,80} Description: She is said to be dtr of Berengar. AKA  Poppa Of Normandy, Duchess Of Normandy De Valois

She was Rollo's mistress before his marriage, and he returned to her after his wife died. Rollo had killed her father in Battle. ⁷⁴
From: Alan B. Wilson, SGM :"Poppa, dau. of Cout Berengar of Bayeux, is listed as the wife of Rollo, Duke of Normandy, in Schwenicke (ed.) ii, 79 and ii, 75 [as rev. in iii(1)]; in Weis, Ancestral Roots, line 121E-18; in Moriarty, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 11; in Winkhaus, Ahnen zu Karl dem Grossen und Widukind, p. 133; in Joannis and Saint-Jouan, Les Seize Quartiers Genealogiques des Capetiens, i, 4.
Settipani in La prehistoire des Capetiens, discusses Dudon's work and Douglas's (and other) critiques on p. 218. On p. 219 and in the table on
p. 221 he considers Poppa as possibly a daughter of Wido, Count of Senlis and his wife, a dau. of Pippin of Neustria. However, on p. 228, where actually presenting a firm relationship, he speaks of ". . . Wilhelm (Guillaime), Ier du nom, dit Longue Epee, comte de Rouen, . . . fils de Rollon, comte des Normands, et Poppa de Bayeux."
While the identification of Poppa of Bayeux may be uncertain, many reputable genealogists continue to name her."⁸²

James Allen Stevens in his webpages citing post in SGM:
"David Geen, Editor of "The American Genealogist postd to GEN-MEDIEVAL on 12/09/99 that
. "Katherine Keats-Rohan, in her article article on "Poppa of Bayeux and
Her Family" in the 75th-anniversary issue of TAG (July-October 1997). . .
accepts, as I think do most scholars, the early identification of Poppa's
father as Berengar, marquis of Neustria. She then works with the
hypothesis that Poppa's name indicates descent from the Popponen, a
dynastic family that tended to bestow the name "Poppo" on the second
(or at least not the eldest) son. She proposes that Poppa was a
granddaughter of Heinrich of Thuringia and his wife Ingeltrude, daughter
of Louis the Pious [RIN 1212], which would give this family a Carolingian
descent; Heinrich was a brother of Poppo II. She suggests two hypotheses
for the connection between Heinrich and Poppa: Either Berengar of
Neustria or his wife Adalind was a child of Heinrich.
. Later commentary on the Popponen, with pedigree charts, appears in
Donald C. Jackman's _Criticism and Critique: Sidelights on the
Konradiner_ (Oxford, 1997), the first (and currently the only) volume in a
major series entitled _Prosopographica et Genealogica_, edited by K. S.
B. Keats-Rohan and Christian Settipani." "¹⁴
 

From: Gordon Fisher SGM:
"Most ancestries for Poppa, wife of Rollo, list Beranger, Count of Bayeaux as her father, and do not identify her mother or any further ancestry for Beranger. This includes Moriarty, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 11; Weis, Ancestral Roots [121E-18]; Winkhaus, "Normandie," p. 133; Europaische Stammtafeln, ii, 79; Turton, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 6; Stuart, Royalty for Commoners [166-35]; Joannis & Saint-Jouan, i, 4.

> ES ii, 75 (rev. in III(1)) suggests an ancestry for Poppa's mother
> Erispoe, Duke of Brittany
> ?|
> Gurvand, Duke of Brittany = N.N.
> |
> Beranger, Count of Bayeux = N.N.
> |
> Rollo = Poppa
This was the line I listed in my earlier submission of an ancestry for William the Conquerer.Moriarty, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 226 reports a speculative ancestry for Poppa based on a suggestion by the Belgian, J. Dhoudt:

> Bernard, King of Italy
> |
> Pepin II of Peronne
> |
> Gui, Count of Senlis = N.N.
> ?|
> Rollo = Poppa
This line, which Moriarty did not incorporate, would continue, of course, as a line to Charlemagne from Poppa's mother."⁸³

34 Heribert I [Herbert I ] , Count of Vermandois.^84,85,86,87  Born abt 0850.³ Died in 0902/0900.^88,89 Acceded: 896 Count Of Vermandois.³ AKA: Hubert I Of Senlis, Count Of Senlis.⁹⁰

35 Beatrice [Bertha] Of Morvois.^91,40 Description: [found in ES].
 

44 Fulk II The Good Of Anjou, Count Of Anjou.^92,14,3  Born in Anjou, France.³ Died on 11 Nov 0958 in Tours, France.³  Acceded: 942.³

"Became count on the death of his elder brother"³

45 Gergerga [Gerverga Of Gatinais [Geberga]].^93,94,95 Died abt 0952.¹⁴ See narrative for comments on possible ascendancy {would take her up to Boso I]. Alias/AKA:  Gerverga Of Gatinais.⁹⁶

Stevens/Southworth Data Base
"Notes
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (167:36), identifies her as wife of
FULK II and mother of GEOFFREY I, but does not give her parents.
I have run accross two theories regarding her parentage. See notes on
RATBURNS I, VC OF VIENNE (RIN 3862), one of her proposed fathers. For
the other theory, see the next note.
Nat Taylor

posted to soc.genealogy.medieval on 23 May 1997 (in part):
Subject: Descendants of 'Saint' William, duke of Toulouse
"Ava, a sister of Wm. the Pious [and dau. of BERNARD II, COUNT OF
AUVERGNE (RIN 2284)] , m. 'Geoffroi, c of Nevers/Gatinais'. Their
daughter, Gerberge [this Gerberga, according to the theory], was first
wife of Fulk II, 'le bon' (d. 958), count of Anjou, and mother of his
children, from 2 of whom can be traced a large progeny. Unusual
hypothesis--contradicts conventional wisdom on first wife of Fulk le
Bon, and I can't find any other information on this Geoffrey (not in
Bouchard's _Sword, Mitre & Cloister_). This was put forward in C.
Lauranson-Rosaz, _L'Auvergne et ses marges du VIIIe au XIe siecle: la fin
du monde antique?_ (Le Puy, 1987), in charts at pp. 60, 93, as a
possibility but with no discussion in the text. What is the origin of and
best argument for this idea?" "¹⁴

This ascendancy above given would lead her up to Boso I.
Stevens/Southworth data base¹⁴ completes the picture and the ascendancy can be seen there. The reader is encouraged to access it.

46 Robert Of Troyes, Count Of Meaux & Troyes (Robert Of Vermandois).^97,40,3  Born abt 0910. Died in Aug 967/0975; he was 57.^98,99 Occupation: Acceded: 950 Count Of Meaux And Chalon.³ AKA Robert Of Meaux And Troyes/Robert Of Vermandois.

" The mother of Adela of Vermandois was Adelaide of Burgundy who was later to marry her son-in-law, Geoffrey Greymantle.
The *approximate* dates of the marriages are (all from ES):
950 Robert of Meaux and Troyes m. Adelaide of Burgundy
965 Geoffrey Greymantle m. Adele of Vermandois
967 Lambert of Chalon-sur-Saone m. Adelaide of Burgundy
979 Geoffrey Greymantle m. Adelaide of Burgundy
In addition to ES iii, 49 see ii, 189 [rev. in iii(1)], and iii, 116 and 433."
From: Alan B. Wilson (abwilson@uclink2.berkeley.edu)
Subject: Re: Wives of Geoffrey I of Anjou
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Dated 4/19/97
In response to post:
ES II, 49 seems to have Adelaide as the daughter of Giselbert of Chalons etc, marrying first Robert, then Lambert (d.979), then Geoffrey; and Adela marrying Lambert (d.978) then Geoffrey."⁵⁸

Stevens/Southworth Data Base:
"Notes

Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (118:19). Count Troyes & Meaux.
ES iii, 49; ii, 189 [rev. in iii(1)]; and iii, 116and 433.
Sometimes also referred to as Count of Vermandois. "¹⁴

In 0950 Robert Of Troyes  married Adela [Adelaide] Of Burgundy^100,40,101.⁶¹

47 Adela [Adelaide] Of Burgundy.^100,40,101  Adela [Adelaide] Of Burgundy died on 19 Aug 0967⁴ (?)  The same source gives her marriages beyond this date.¹⁴ Occupation: Countess Of Troyes.³ Description: See narrative re her marriages and questions pertaining. AKA : adela of Troyes, Countess of troyes,  Adelaide Of Burgundy.¹⁰²

SGM Post
" The mother of Adela of Vermandois was Adelaide of Burgundy who was later to marry her son-in-law, Geoffrey Greymantle.
The *approximate* dates of the marriages are (all from ES):
950 Robert of Meaux and Troyes m. Adelaide of Burgundy
965 Geoffrey Greymantle m. Adele of Vermandois
967 Lambert of Chalon-sur-Saone m. Adelaide of Burgundy
979 Geoffrey Greymantle m. Adelaide of Burgundy
In addition to ES iii, 49 see ii, 189 [rev. in iii(1)], and iii, 116 and 433."
From: Alan B. Wilson (abwilson@uclink2.berkeley.edu)
Subject: Re: Wives of Geoffrey I of Anjou
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Dated 4/19/97
In response to post:
ES II, 49 seems to have Adelaide as the daughter of Giselbert of Chalons etc, marrying first Robert, then Lambert (d.979), then Geoffrey; and Adela marrying Lambert (d.978) then Geoffrey."⁵⁸
 

"ES iii, 49; ii, 189 [rev. in iii(1)]; and iii, 116 and 433. ES III, 49 has
Adelaide as the daughter of GISELBERT OF CHALONS etc, marrying first
ROBERT, then LAMBERT (d.979), then GEOFFREY; and Adela marrying
LAMBERT (d.978) then GEOFFREY, which would mean Adela married both
her stepfathers. [There is evidently some confusion between Adelaide &
Adela.]"  ¹⁴ part of the below
 

Stevens/Southworth Data Base:
"Notes
This Adelaide is the focal point of one of the most debated controversies in medieval genealogy. Although I show her as
marrying 3 times, after much study of numerous postings on GEN-MEDIEVAL, I have been persuaded that two individuals
have probably been combined into one. For convenience sake, I leave her in my database as one person. An excerpt
from one of the postings sums it up best:
Matman posted to
soc.genealogy.medieval on 21 May 1997 (in part):
Subject: Re: Burgundy - One more try to sum up *
"Adelaide dau of DUKE GISELBERT appears with her husband ROBERT OF TROYES and son Heribert in a charter of 949.
There is no problem with this. The difference of opinion is whether this Adelaide is the same as the wife of LAMBERT who
later married GEOFFREY. Most historians have shied away from making this assumption, eg Maurice Chaume (who was
otherwise much given to speculation) in his 'The Origins of Burgundy' 1925, Werner in an article in Die Welt als Geschicht, 1960, p107-13
(especially p111), and more recently Constance Bouchard, 'Sword andMitre'.
To make them one person does create problems, not least with the chronology. Adelaide was old enough to have children by about
950 (for she had a grandson FULK THE BLACK by c.970), yet she was still young enough to have children (eg Maurice) c.980 or later.
Its possible, but only just. I don't know how common it was for noblewomen to give birth after 40.
Secondly if she only married LAMBERT after 967, then any children from that marriage could not have been born before that.
But ADALBERT OF ITALY first husband of GERBERGA had died by 975 at the latest, and OTTO-WILLIAM was their son.
So clearly if one accepts that Adelaide was one person, one has to find different parents for GERBERGA. Some
have got round this by making GERBERGA a daughter of LAMBERT by an earlier wife. As LAMBERT first appears in 944, and
is called count in 959, this may not be impossible.
Lastly, I may be naive about this, but even in the tenth century, a case of a mother marrying her son-in-law would be exceptional (no?)
and arouse comment, yet no source mentions such a thing."
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (118:19-21), identifies Adelaide as the dau. of ROBERT, COUNT OF TROYES (RIN 1230), and also identifies
GEOFFREY as her 2nd husband, and FULK III as their son. ES iii, 49; ii, 189 [rev. in iii(1)]; and iii, 116 and 433. ES III, 49 has Adelaide
as the daughter of GISELBERT OF CHALONS etc, marrying first ROBERT, then LAMBERT (d.979), then GEOFFREY; and Adela marrying
LAMBERT (d.978) then GEOFFREY, which would mean Adela married both her stepfathers. [There is evidently some confusion between Adelaide &
Adela.]

The above note leads to the opinion , held by some, that this Adelaide married ROBERT, then LAMBERT, then her son-in-law GEOFFREY. The
sequence of events for this most unusual web of intermarriages would be as follows:
950 ROBERT C OF TROYES m. Adelaide of Burgundy & dau. ADELE born.
965 GEOFFREY GREYMANTLE (age 28) m. ADELE OF VERMANDOIS/TROYES (age 15).
967 ROBERT died and his widow almost immediately m. LAMBERT.
975/8 ADELE died and her widower, GEOFFREY, m. after a wait of 1 to 5 years, his deceased wife's newly widowed mother, Adelaide of Burgundy.
979 LAMBERT died. His widow, Adelaide, as stated above, then m. ,almost immediately, her son-in-law, GEOFFREY.

As a dissenting opinion re. her parentage:
Richard Borthwick posted to
soc.genealogy.medieval on 1 Dec 1996:
Subject: Re: Gerberga, wife of Adalbert (was re. Welfs)
"In her discussion of the counts of Chalons CBB [Constance Brittain Bouchard *Sword, Mitre and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in
Burgundy, 980-1198* (Ithica NY & London, Cornell University Press, 1987)] says:
"LAMBERT married a woman named Adelaide (*). While there is no evidence of her origins in the sources, scholars have repeatedly tried to
tie her to the family of GISELBERT, COUNT OF BURGUNDY [RIN 1232], both because GISELBERT did have a daughter named Adelaide
and the mother, as I have it, of the Adelaide mentioned in the following note - i.e. the wife of ROBERT, COUNT OF TROYES (RIN 1230)]
and because they feel a need to explain how LAMBERT could have LEGITIMATELY** succeeded to Chalon#. I prefer to leave Adelaide's
origins unknown; since LAMBERT's succession to Chalon was recognised by the king, he did not need a hereditary claim by his wife to
legitimize his rule(##).
LAMBERT died in 978, and his wife Adelaide quickly married GEOFFREY GREYMANTLE, count of Anjou. GEOFFREY acted as count of
Chalon from 979 until his own death in 989 (*). ..." p.307f.
* Source regerences./ ** She uses italics to make the emphasis
# A long footnoted discussion of who has said what on the subject.
## Reference." "¹⁴
 
 

65 Hrolfr/Rolf the Granger One and Same to Rollo (Robert) Theory.
This connection of  Rollo as one in the same as Rolf, son to Ragnvald of More and a subsquent evolving pedigree for him  is one frequently seen in online pedigrees. Rollo's father is in fact unknown. Rollo was probably danish. See Rollo's own entry.

Todd Farmerie in SGM: "Basically, there are no similarities whatsoever between the Hrolf of the Orkneyinga Saga and the Rollo of Norman histories. One is Norse and too fat to ride on a horse with a large family of brothers, but no Gorm among them, and is named Hrolf (but has a brother named Hrollogr - which appears to represent Rollo). The other is quite militarily active, and a Dane, with only named sibling Gorm, and is named Rollo. It sure looks like the Norman leader has been mistakenly identified with this Rollo. The biographical material for Rollo comes from a historian, a contemporary of Rollo's grandson, Richard I, while the Hrolf stuff comes from a saga tradition recorded 200+ years later."¹⁰³

66 Berenger Of Bayeaux, Count Of Bayeux, De Senlis. (Possible Father) ^104,105,77,3 Died in Battle Against Rollo.¹⁰⁶

He was killed by his  (purported) daughter Poppa's lover Rollo, in battle¹⁰⁶
Todd Farmerie Writes:
"Yet another possible lineage for Poppa is found in the work of Lot,where he attempts to identify Berenger, Count of "Bayeux", and father of Poppa, with the Count Berenger of Rennes, grandfather of Conan Berenger of Brittany. Yet *another* possible lineage for Poppa--or two--are given in a forthcoming article by K.S.B. Keats-Rohan in the next issue of The American Genealogist..(.intro for following): "

"I just happenned across what may be one of these in the Journal of Medieval History 20:3-37, where, in an article entitled "Two studies in
North French Prosopography", Keats-Rohan briefly discusses the work of Hubert Guillotel, whose reconstruction of the Breton succession includes the relationship in question. It would seem that he shows a Berenger, Count of Nuestria, who had two daughters. One of these was Poppa, the wife of Rollo, while the other (unnamed) married a descendant of Erispoe and was mother of Berenger, Count of Rennes (922-58). This adds two generations to the Breton side of Lot's hypothesis (made without solid dates for the Count of Rennes, and, it would seem, confusing two men of the same name, grandfather and grandson).

" This article, by the way, is a must-read for anyone interested in either Maine family (both the early Rorgonids, and the later house which gave rise to Hugh the Great's wife and the mother of Helias) or the House of Belleme, with several other interesting tidbits (Mortain and Poitou to name a couple) mentioned on the side."¹⁰⁷
From: Todd A. Farmerie (taf2@po.cwru.edu)
Subject: Re: Poppa (was: grandfather of Hugh Capet's wife)
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 1997/10/16

New Note: Said to have been " killed by his daughter Poppa's lover Rollo, in battle"¹⁰⁶

68 Seigneur Pepin II Of Peronne, Count Of Peronne.^91,3,108  Born in 0817.^3,91 Died in 0892.⁹¹ Alias/AKA: Pepin (C in Neustria).¹⁰⁸

70 Guerri I de Morvois.¹⁰⁹ Born abt 0820.

71 Eve de Rousillon.¹⁰⁹

88 Fulk I The Red Of Anjou, Count Of Anjou.^110,111,3  Born in 0888.¹⁴ Died in 0942/938.^112,113 Acceded: 909.³

bef 5 Jul 0905 he married Roscille de Loches^114,115.¹⁴

89 Roscille de Loches.^114,115

92 Heribert II Of Vermandois, Count Of Vermandois.^{40,116,117,118,119}  Died on 23 Feb 0943 in St. Quinton.⁴⁰ Buried in St. Quinton.⁴⁰ AKA: Herbert II, Count Of Vermandois And Of Troyes//Herbert II Of Vermandois, Count Of Vermandois.^117,120

bef 0907 he married Adela of France (Hildebrante [Liegarde] Of Neustria) CAPET^121,122,123.¹²⁴

93 Adela of France CAPET.^121,122,123  Died aft 0931.¹²⁵ AKA: Hildebrante (Liegarde) Of Neustria.^126,127

Often presented as Hildebrante, she is sometimes presented as daughter of Robert I's second wife Beatrice (Beatrix) DE VERMANDOIS, but in that case he would be marrying his sister's daughter. Aelis was her mother.
Regarding her name:
"There seems to be no reason to believe that her name was Heldebrants.(citations given at source) ...For her name as Adela, see Karl Ferdinand Werner, 'Untersuchungen zur Fr?zeit des franz?ischen F?stentums,' in Die Welt als Geschicht e, 2 (1960), p. 96, with a discussion of the sources in n. 35."¹³⁰
"Heribert II was certainly married to a daughter of Robert I. His children have typical 'Robertine' names (Odo, Hugo, Adela, Luitgardis). This is confirmed by the 'Folovini cartularium Sithieux' as well as 'Witgeri Genealogia Arnulfi comitis'. Heriberts wife was certainly not named Hildebrande. Robert I was married twice; Heriberts wife was NOT a daughter of Beatrix of Vermandois, because in that case he wuold have been married to his sister's daughter. Beatrix was a daughter of Heribert I. BTW: Heribert II died on february 23rd 943, and his wife after 931. (See Gens Nostra, magazine of the Dutch Genealogical Society (NGV), nov/dec 1991 p. 479)"¹²⁵

"Heribert II de Vermandois (d.943) m. before 907 Hildebrante [aka Adela aka Liegarde] dau. of Robert I (d.923) king of France by his first wife Aelis Robert I's second wife (m. about 890) was Beatrix de Vermandois, paternal aunt of Hildebrante/Adela, that is dau. of Heribert I de Vermandois. Aelis' identity is unknown. Source: ES II:10, III/1:49¹²⁸"¹²⁹

94 Giselbert, Count of Autun [Gilbert Of Chalon][Duke Of Burgundy].^131,132,133  Born abt 0890.¹⁴ Died on 8 Apr 0956^134,135 Acceded: 952.³ Description: AKA: Giselbert, count of Autun// Gilbert of Chalon, Duke of Burgundy AKA Giselbert.^136,133,137

See Wife's OWN card for debate on her marriages and the questions regarding the following
" The mother of Adela of Vermandois was Adelaide of Burgundy who was later to marry her son-in-law, Geoffrey Greymantle.
The *approximate* dates of the marriages are (all from ES):
950 Robert of Meaux and Troyes m. Adelaide of Burgundy
965 Geoffrey Greymantle m. Adele of Vermandois
967 Lambert of Chalon-sur-Saone m. Adelaide of Burgundy
979 Geoffrey Greymantle m. Adelaide of Burgundy
In addition to ES iii, 49 see ii, 189 [rev. in iii(1)], and iii, 116 and 433."
From: Alan B. Wilson (abwilson@uclink2.berkeley.edu)
Subject: Re: Wives of Geoffrey I of Anjou
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Dated 4/19/97
In response to post:
ES II, 49 seems to have Adelaide as the daughter of Giselbert of Chalons etc, marrying first Robert, then Lambert (d.979), then Geoffrey; and Adela marrying Lambert (d.978) then Geoffrey."⁵⁸

Stevens/Southworth Data Base:
"Notes
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (118:19).
Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners" (258:37).
The "Dictionary of Royal Lineage" styles him Count of Chalon from 919
and Duke and Count of Burgundy 923-936. "¹⁴

95 Ermengarde.^138,14
Stevens Southwork Data Base has wife Ermengarde here, no ascendancy. No more info, and he has her producing Adelaide of Burgundy without specific citation on her notations.¹⁴