The Munsee  Peoples of Pennsylvania
[The Munsee are often placed as part of the Lenape/Delaware Nation [see Lenape/Delaware Page]
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This Page: The Munsee and Their Associated History, Pennsylvania Mixed Iroquois-Delaware Villages
  • Abtract of Page for Dedicated Page: The Munsee [ or Minsi ] Peoples
  • [Specific Discussion on this dedicated  page Includes Info on an  often shown but not entirely proved subtribe of the Lenape/Delaware[An Algonquian Language Group ]
    Some historians maintain the Munseee/ Minsi  were distinct from the Lenape//Delaware.  The Munsee/ Minsi is a closely related Algonquian speaking group which also called itself Lenape, just as the Lenni Lenape/ Delaware called themselves Lenape . The Munsee/ Minsi are traditionally included in the Delaware Nation discussed above.  When included with the Delaware Nation , the Munsee  are shown as its most northern living tribe   of the Delaware/ Lenape; They are known to have lived in part in  the region of now New York City often associated with the Delaware/Lenape.   This most certainly was the people who signed treaty giving Manhattan up for so many beads. Not as certain is their tribal association with the Delaware/Lenape Nation.
    bstract of Page Contents:
    Some historians maintain the Munseee/ Minsi  were distinct from the Lenape//Delaware.  The Munsee/ Minsi is a closely related Algonquian speaking group which also called itself Lenape, just as the Lenni Lenape/ Delaware called themselves Lenape . The Munsee/ Minsi are traditionally included in the Delaware Nation discussed above.  When included with the Delaware Nation , the Munsee  are shown as its most northern living tribe   of the Delaware/ Lenape; They are known to have lived in part in  the region of now New York City often associated with the Delaware/Lenape.   This most certainly was the people who signed treaty giving Manhattan up for so many beads. Not as certain is their tribal association with the Delaware/Lenape Nation.

    The Munsee 
    The Munsee or Minsi is a closely related group that also called itself Lenape and which are 
    often shown as part of the Delaware [Lenni Lenape]  Nation . This association is thought incorrect by many historians through evaluation of their language dialect. See the Delaware [Lenni Lenape] page within this site
     
    The Munsee were "' people of the stoney country'" .....The northernmost group in traditional Lenape land, and "they occupied the headwaters of the Delaware River where Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York meet including the Catskill Mountains on the west side of the lower Hudson Valley. Four of the Munsee tribes were sometimes known collectively as the Esopus (Espachomy): Catskill, Mamekoting, Waranawonkong, and Wawarsink."9

    "The Munsee are often shown classified with the Lenape, but some scholars believe that the stark differences in dialect indicates this people should not be considered Delaware. The Munsee 'lived separately from the Delaware nation for most of their existence. ....The United States referred to the Munsees as a separate tribe in the Treaty of Fort Industry. ...The Munsees lived originally in New York and New Jersey, but they moved westward as whites  forced them from the land. By the 1720s, the Munsee Indians had reached western Pennsylvania. There, missionaries from the Moravian Church attained some success in converting the natives to Christianity." The Munsee in  Ohio History Central 

    "The Munsee have long been considered a splinter- or sub-group of the Delaware Nation. Both peoples originated in the Delaware and Hudson River Valleys where they had developed similar cultural traits. Due to this common background, the Munsee have not been treated separately in ethnological literature. On occasion the Munsee have been referred to as the most belligerent and conservative of all Delaware bands.'  The Munsee: Migration History and Ethnic Identity by Siegrun Kaiser, M.A, part of the Munsee History Forum pages. 

    "In 1600 the Delaware may have numbered as many as 20,000, but several wars and at least 14 separate epidemics reduced their population to around 4,000 by 1700 - the worst drops occurring between 1655 and 1670. Since the Delaware afterwards absorbed peoples from several other Algonquin-speaking tribes, this figure remained fairly constant until 1775. By 1845  it had fallen to combined total of about 2,000 Delaware and Munsee in both the United States and Canada. The 1910 census gave about the same result, but the current Delaware population has recovered to almost 16,000, most of whom live in Oklahoma. Nearly 10,000 Delaware are in eastern Oklahoma and, until very recently, were considered part of the Cherokee Nation. After a long struggle with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), they regained federal recognition in September, 1996 as the Delaware Tribe of Indians with their tribal offices in Bartlesville. The other federally recognized group is the Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma. Sometimes called the Absentee Delaware, its 1,000 members are descendants of a  Missouri-Texas splinter group, many of whom reside near of the tribal headquarters at Anadarko."


    Pennsylvania Mixed Iroquois-Delaware Villages

                   "Chinklacamoose (Seneca), Goshgoshunk (Seneca-3), 
      Hickorytown (Munsee), Jedakne, John's Town (Munsee), Kickenapawling, 
      Kittaning (Attigué) (Caughnawaga), Kushkuski (Kuskuski), 
      Lawunkhannek (Seneca), Loyalhannon, Mahusquechikoken (Munsee-Seneca), Nescopeck (Shawnee), Ostonwackin (Cayuga-Oneida), 
      Shamokin (Shawnee-Tutelo), Shenango (3), Sheshequin (Seneca), 
      Skenandowa, Tioga, Venango(Seneca-Shawnee-Wyandot-Ottawa),
      Wyalusing (Munsee), and Wyoming(Munsee-Shawnee-Mahican-Nanticoke)" 16
    • See The Current Number of Persons identified as Delaware [11,000] and the number of lpersons remaining speaking their language [one] 
        •  


    a

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     t
    The Natives  at time of contact. By 1682 and Penn's acquisition and  arrival, this map 
    would be different
    Lenape Trails  which are now Our  Highways [Map]
  • The Minsi Trail followed the paths taken today by PA 309 and PA 412. 
  • The route of the Lenni Lenape Path is covered today by PA 611 and US 202. 
  •  The French Creek Path has become PA 29 and PA 23. 

  • Info on trails is  from the 
    Schuylkill River Webpages

     





     
     
     
     

    Sources for These Pages:
     

    1. State Museum of Pennsylvania. Brief Summary of the 1681 Charter.

    2. From York County History Pages of York County Webpages.
    3. Penn and the Indians page of site entitled " William Penn. Visionary Proprietor"  by  Tuomi J. Forrest

    4 Indians, Sources, Critics by Will J. Alpern (Prudential-Bache Securities). Presented at the 5th Cooper Seminar, James Fenimore Cooper: His Country and His Art at the State University of New York College at Oneonta, July, 1984. ©1985 by State University of New York College at Oneonta ["may be downloaded and reproduced for personal or instructional use, or by libraries" ] Originally published in James Fenimore Cooper: His Country and His Art, Papers from the 1984 Conference at State University of  New York College -- Oneonta and Cooperstown. George A. Test, editor. (pp. 25-33)

    5. Kittanning-pa.com

    6.  SUSQUEHANNOCK HISTORYpart of First Nations, Issues of Conesquence pages. Lee Sultzman
     

    7. SUSQUEHANNOCK HISTORY, Lee Sultzman. Part of First Nations Histories
    8.Information on the Susquehannock Indians from Pagewise

    9.  Delaware History by Lee Sultzman.. Part of First Nations Histories

    10. Where are the Susquehannock now?  part of the pages of BrokenClaw.com

    12. Native Americans Post Contact:, from The Mariners Museum, Newport News, Va pages

    13. .  Internet School Library Media Center, Monacan Indians page.

    14. AN AMERICAN SYNTHESIS The Sons of St. Tammany or Columbian Order . [ the footnotes evident in the text takent from "an American Synthesis" can be accessed at the link given in source

    15. Iroquois . By: Joe Wagner, with references provided.

    16. The Iroquois. by Lee Sultzman. Part of First Nations Histories

    17 William Henry Harrison and the West  , part of Dr James B. Calvert's pages at University of Denver Website.
    At the time of Penn's arrival in 1682, the Susquehannock were subservient to the Iroquois Confederacy, just as their enemies and neighbors, the Delaware , were. The Susquehannock were decimated by war and disease, but the Lenape remained vital.

    18. Shawnee's Reservation  a detailed site on Shawnee History

    19. Shawnee History by Lee Sultzman. . Part of First Nations Histories

    20. Marjorie Hudson, Among the Tuscarora: The Strange and Mysterious Death of John Lawson, Gentleman, Explorer, and Writer,  North Carolina Literary Review, 1992 [transcribed at East North Carolina Digital History Exhibits]

    21. Chief Logan: Friend, Foe or Fiction?  by Ronald R. Wenning.  The Journal of the Lycoming County Historical Society, Volume XXXVII, Number 1, Fall, 1997

    22. Mingo Indians part of The Allegheny Regional Family History Society's Web pages

    23. Weiser, Shikellamy and the Walking Purchase By  Al Zagofsky
     

    24. Conrad Weiser from the   Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

    25. The Walking Purchase from   Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

    26. James Logan , Mingo Indian from The American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press under the auspices
     of the American Council of Learned Societies.

    27. The Lineage of Mother Bedford from Mother Bedford ,  a website devoted primarily to the history of Old-Bedford County, Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War period.
    28.   Year 1736.  part of the webpage entitled "Ben Franklin :A  Documentary History"  by J A Leo Lemay , English Department , Professor University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.

    29. Shawnee' entry from Hodge's Handbook Abstract: The 'Shawnee' entry from Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, edited by Frederick
    Webb Hodge (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 30. GPO: 1910.)

    30. sample chapter of At the Crossroads  Indians and Empires on a Mid-Atlantic Frontier, 1700-1763
    by Jane T. Merritt [book content , availability and sample chapter  viewable and obtained via The University of North Carolina Press]
     
     
     

    Not sure where I use the following here: numbered 1 like 1 above, but not used so far that I can see, and if so, should have another number

    1. (New Jersey) Extract from  The Indian Tribes of North America  by John R. Swanton.  Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 145ó1953. [726 pagesóSmithsonian Institution] (pp. 48-55). Presented in pages of the Northern Plains Archive Project web site.
     
     

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