"History of York County from its erection to the present time [1729-1834]"  By W. C. Carter & A. J. Glossbrenner remarks:

"About the year 1684  a violent dispute arose between William Penn and Lord Baltimore, concerning the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. The dispute continued until the death of Penn, in the year 1718, when it assumed, on the part of the Marylanders, a character of violence and aggression hitherto unknown to it. Their object was to make settlement many miles up into the present state of Pennsylvania: and having thus taken possession of the lands, to hold them by the strong arm of power. With these views they pushed their settlement with great rapidity along the  Susquehanna: even in 1722, many of them were within a short distance of the present borough of York. ...
"Sir william Keith...Lt Governor of the province of Pennsylvania, ...was anxious to hinder these encroachments on what he believed to be the property of the heirs of Penn....the lands had not, as yet, been purchased from the Indians by the propretor of Pennsylvania, and much less by that of Maryland......the policy of Penn ever had been to grant no rights to lands, and to permit no settlements on them, until purchased of the Indians.....
"[Keith consulted] ...the Indians in the neighborhood of the Suquehanna, and ...consulted or held a treaty with the Indians at Conestogoe on the 15th and 16th of June, 1722, when they counselled together concerning the making of a survey  for the use of Springett Penn, the grandson, and as then believed, the heir of William Penn" ⁸. Present at the meeting was the Govenor with two others on the part of the Colony, and the chiefs of the Conestogoes, Shawanas and Ganaways, among them Tawena⁸... Tawena's  name is also mentioned in the Madame Ferree story on her arrival to the Pequea Valley East of the Susquehanna in then Chester, now Lancaster County, found east of the Susquehanna and in about 1712]

"...Part of Chester Countyís western frontier at the beginning of the 18th century [desired] Settlement along the Susquehanna was important to Pennsylvaniaís future development not only because of the boundary dispute with Maryland that precipitated Cresap's War (1731-1736) but also because the Susqehanna was a trade route  that provided direct accesss from Pennsylvaniaís hinterland to the West and to the Chesapeake, The heartland  of the American colonies. ì¹⁰
 
 

 

FACTS CONCERNING SPRINGETTSBURY MANOR:

• The Manor of Springettsbury was not only  the largest of the Penn family colonial proprietary Manors but  one of the most controversial, was the first land held by the Penn Proprietors west of the Susquehanna, and remained so   from 1722 until 1736.

• The first survey of Springettsbury Manor occured 1722 and immediately following  the agreement reached with the natives for its development [See background above] .  This original survey  referred to an area including the site now occupied by the City of York and this survey alloted the manor 75,520 acres² equating to an area  6 miles wide and 15 miles long.¹  "Not long after the survey, settlements were made under Pennsylvania rights: but as the lands were not fully puchased of the Indians until 1736, licensees to settle and take them up were in the mean time granted by Samuel Bluntson, who had been commissioned by the proprietaries, and in some casses too by Thomas Penn himself."⁸ The licenses are called Blunstone Licenses and their importance in understanding early Pennsylvania settlement west of the Susquehanna can not be underestimated.

Disputes between   the Maryland and Pennsylvania proprietors claiming title to the region finally  yielded Springettsbury Manor's Cressaps's War.  In  1736 , "some 100 survey 'tract' s⁵, five Maryland grants^{11, 5}  and fifty six Blunston  [Penna] Licenses^{11, 5}  existed  within the Manor,  and many German Settlers were settled on its land.  The  Manor of Springettsbury  was diminished in size by 11,000 acres in its Resurvey 1768 by Lukens ^{footnote one}, the result of which yielded the earliest map of Springettsbury [1768] involving   65,000 acres and 391 original  survey tracts ⁵ . 1768 was also  the last year of the Mason Dixon Survey clearly alloting the land involved to Pennsylvania. Although the Marylanders had been revoked, ongoing legal disputes continued in settling conflicting claims.
 
The Manor of Maske [see brief synopsis ]  was  likewise west of the Susquehanna and 2nd of all Penn Manors in terms of size to the Manor of Springettsbury but was not allocated until the acquisition by  1736 deed from the Natives for "all lands west of the Susquehanna to the setting sun". It  included the area covered by present-day Gettysburg, Adams County, Penna & it measured about six miles in width and 12 miles in length ² See Manor of Maske dedicated page  for discussion of it's settlers and the first years of its white settlement also involved in hostilities, but most directed by squatters towards the Penn Proprietors who sent surveyors [1740] to determine its boundaries when squatters had already settled the land.
• Although manors were dismantled by the revolutionary congress, Springettsbury continued the private property of the  Penn heirs , the result of a provision that if the "tenths" or manors had been duly surveyed and returned into the land office before july 4th, 1776, they remained the proprietaries. In 1834, York historians write that the insult and contention arising from this situation, persisting to the time of their writing,  liken unto  any of the border wars involving Md and Penna. ^{Footnote 2}

• Casper SPANGLER  [direct to this writer]  is found as an original warrantee of the The Manor of Springettsbury and his son Jonas SPANGLER is likewise found in its index. SEE Name Index for THE MANOR OF SPRINGETTSBURY where a  total of some 1,232 names are indexed, beginning with the colonial period.

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On to Cressap's War

Regarding Confusion and Two Cressap's Wars

"Maryland asserted claim to land as far north as the Fortieth Parallel (in York County, approximately where the Codorus Creek enters the Susquehanna River). Pennsylvania claimed land as far south as the Thirty-ninth Parallel (in Maryland, this would have included Baltimore City). Thus, a horizontal strip of virgin territory about fifty miles wide from Philadelphia in the East the Kittochtinny Mountains to the West was at stake."From  DISPUTE WITH THE COLONY OF MARYLAND

" Lord Baltimore contemplated as early as 1721 to extend the northern boundary of his Province, on the west side of the Susquehanna river, to the northern limits of the fortieth degree of latitude. (About three miles north of York). As late as 1762 the Maryland authorities exercised jurisdiction in this territory, and in pursuance thereof issued licenses for the regulation of tavern rates for certain taverns near Yorktown. About 1731 Col. Thomas Cressap, under a pretence of a right from Maryland, squatted in the York Valley. Soon a number of Maryland intruders followed his example.
"In order to counteract these encroachments, it was the policy of the Penn proprietary agents to invite and encourage settlements on the borders. Such settlements were made and had been made within the Manor of Springettsbury, or York Valley. There was a contract that titles should be made to the settlers whenever the lands should be purchased of the Indians. Certificates of license were accordingly issued, furnishing patents upon the usual terms for which other lands in the county were sold. A commission was issued to Samuel Blunston, in 1733, to grant licenses to settle and take up lands on the west side of the Susquehanna.
"Hundreds of individuals accepted these invitations to settle, and soon a dense settlement was made west of the Susquehanna. Contentions soon arose. " ⁷

"As early as 1722, Philip Syng and Thomas Brown secured a Maryland warrant on the west side of the Susquehanna River, called "The Partner's Adventure" (Springettsbury Manor Survey "S-391"). Soon after others from Maryland followed, along with hundreds of unauthorized settlers from either colony."  From  DISPUTE WITH THE COLONY OF MARYLAND

"A few years after Caspar Spangler's occupation of his first plantation the notorious Col. Thomas Cressap and others, under authority from the Governor of Maryland, and in virtue of an alleged patent to the latter from the King of Great Britain, assumed the right to oust by force the German settlers west of the Susquehanna with the purpose of occupying these fertile lands themselves. For years an armed conflict was waged." ⁷"The unsettled and undefined boundary line between the Province of Pennsylvania and Maryland, gave rise and encouragement to Col. Cressap and his desperadoes to commit acts of violence. Murders [1App. Note 63.] followed and the German settlers were threatened, by force, to be turned out of their settlements. The Cressap war ensued, which lasted for years.
In one of the battles the Sheriff, aided by a posse of twenty-three men, went to Cressap's house early in the morning and read a warrant for murder to him in his hearing, several times over, and demanded a surrender. In answer thereto, Cressap swore he would never surrender till he was dead. He called for a dram of rum, and drank "Damnation to himself and all with him, if ever they would surrender." He swore he would kill all the Pennsylvanians before he would be taken. He would shoot the first of his own men who would refuse to fire at his command, or would offer to capitulate. Before any violence was offered, Cressap and his men fired upon the Sheriff and his posse, and wounded several. Before the battle was over several more were wounded on both sides and one killed." ^{12 page 119-120}

"During the 1730's, the prolonged border dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania exploded into Cresap's War--named for Thomas Cresap, a justice of the peace for Maryland. For several years Cresap and a group of vigilantes harassed German settlers living along the Susquehanna--settlers who lived there under Pennsylvania land permits. Cresap even threatened to arrest John Wright and Samuel Blunston. The governor of Maryland dispatched a militia to arrest Wright, and remove the settlers living in the area without Maryland permits, but 150 Pennsylvanians assembled to defend Wright's Ferry. King George II ultimately intervened in 1738 and forced a peaceful resolution." from Columbia, PA 17512 pages"An informal territorial dispute, known as  Cressap's War" was joined by settlers having allegiance on either side. Insult, abuse, abductions, arrests and occasional armed conflict ensued. The issue was appealed by both colonies to the Royal Court in England. As a result, on August 18, 1737 the royal order commanded that neither colony was to make grants within the other's confirmed territory. The next year, on May 25, 1738 an eight-part judgment was issued, establishing the conditions of authority and government over the disputed lands until the boundary issue could be settled by actual survey. A temporary line was laid out in May 1738 running along 39 Degrees 43 Minutes 18 Seconds Latitude. The survey commission reported back on May 28, 1739, effectively ending serious future boundary incursions. This colonial boundary was finalized in the Mason-Dixon Line in 1765."
From DISPUTE WITH THE COLONY OF MARYLAND"

^{In 1738  the Penn Proprietor's surveyor wrote a letter  to them in fear for his life. It is presented in link.}

"The invaders were finally ejected and peace restored. In an indictment found against these encroachers mention is made of the lands in the "quiet and possession" of Caspar Spengler" ⁷
 
 

The Surveyor Alarmed for His Life

"SURVEYOR BUTCHER'S TRIBULATIONS

 ' TO THE HONBLE THOMAS PENN, PROPRIETOR OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA, &C.

YE PETITIONER HUMBLY SHEWETH

             That your Petitioner having accepted your benevolent favor of being Deputy Surveyor of all the Lands and Mannors in that part of Lancaster County which lyes on the west side of Susquehanna river. When the same was attended with utmost Difficulty and Scarcity of Bread; Yet notwithstanding your humble Petitioner hath hitherto Carried on the affair with the utmost integrity and Resolution: Have suffered no person to impose on the interest of the   Honble Proprietors in the Execution of his office: have Endeavored all peace as possible among the sittlers; Have laid out the Lands as regular as possible the places will bear--In performance of which your Petitioner hath many Times been in hazard of Life many ways; Sometimes threatened to be shott by Insolent persons, Many weeks at a time have seen no sort of bread have Suffered much cold Lying in the woods many Nights Together Took all patiently hoping to be Continued in the Honble Proprietors good Service When Times Should mend Bread more plenty and the affair settled between the Honble Proprietor and Lord Baltimore. But your Petitioner having of late seen warrants Directed to  another person to Execute surveys within the Bounds of afforesaid and that on the most valuable part for advantage--proves very Discouraging to Your Petitioner in his undertaking.

Now if the Honble Proprietor Out of goodness to your humble Petitioner considering the Hardships he has undergone will please Continue him in your Hons good service--according to the Limits as above sd until Something Shall appear to make him unworthy of your Hons benevolent favour; And your humble Petitioner in Gratitude Shall ever pray

 September 10th 1738.                               ZACH BUTCHER.'

The above is one of the many complaints made on account of the encroachments by Lord Baltimore on Pennsylvania territory.
The dispute led to violence and the Cressap intrusion.î  ^{13 p 327}
 
 

See also dedicated page:   Cressap's/ Cresap's /Cressup's War.

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Footnote 1:
There was another, later  CRESAPS war associated with the Ohio Indians and Virginia's Lord Dunmore in the 1770s. It recieved its name from Captain Michael Cresap , though he was not responsible for the acts of violence that followed, popularly called "Cresap's War." This is the war involving the Indian Chief  [Mingo] James Logan,  a previously peaceful leader of his people, and upon whose family great violence had been brought by the colonials, forcing him to change his stance. Chief James Logan was named for our forebear James Logan, Surveyor General and Secretary to William Penn .

---

Casper Spangler, our direct, is discussed just below. His youngest [half] brother Henry Spengler  who arrived with other of Casper's half brother's in 1732,   "owned  a farm , now in Windsor township, York county,  originally acquired by a Maryland patent, but supplemented by a patent from the Penn proprietaries." ⁷

Casper's other half brother Baltzer who resided York County arrived with Henry in 1732  ìHe purchased for ú30 a tract of 200 acres of land, nearly all virgin forest, one mile east of the Codorus Creek in "Springettsbury Manor," from Tobias Frey who acquired the same by settlement and improvement. Other lands adjacent were acquired by Baltzer Spengler by purchase, so that he had patented to him February 24, 1763, four hundred and eighty seven acres in York township. This tract extended southward from the Peachbottom Road, now the Plank Road, at its intersection with the first run, a large portion of which was afterwards known as the "Baumgardner Farm." Some of this land was sold by Baltzer Spengler in his lifetime, and after his death, the title to the remainder became vested in his sons George and John, and afterwards in Sheriff Zachariah Spangler, a son of John. A large portion has been annexed to the City of York on the southeast. Baltzer afterwards acquired by purchase other lands in the same vicinity, one tract having been designated in the patent issued therefor, April 19, 1768, as "Spengler's Recovery." î¹³ p 138  See also  Name Index for THE MANOR OF SPRINGETTSBURY

• Our direct Casper Spangler  preceeded his half brothers above mentioned to Pennsylvania, having arrived  in 1727.  He received deed for 711 acres ,"  in virtue of the right of 'Squatter Sovereignty' " and signed by Thomas Penn on Oct 30, 1736.  In 1738 he acquired 719 acres "seven miles west of the Codorus Creek, "near the Little Conewago  Creek on the Conogocheague Road" (now the York and Gettysburg Turnpike,) on which he placed his sons, Jonas and Rudolph"¹³ See Footnote 1  In an indictment found against the Marylanders involved in Cressup's war,  mention is made of the lands in the "quiet and possession" of Caspar Spengler" ⁷
• Jonas SPANGLER, Casper SPANGLER's son, and also direct to this writer,  received of his father and with his brother Rudolph, the land encompassed in the second purchase of his father mentioned above, for which was paid  "Fifteen Pounds Ten Shillings current money of this Province for every hundred  acres, and the yearly Quit Rent of one Half Penny Sterling for every acre thereof;" Signed 16 Oct 1738 by Thos Penn,  the land was resurveyed in Oct 1765 through Rudolph's request and subsequent to Jonas death, and in Paradise Township, York County. ^{13 pages-67-68}
• Jonas' youngest son and the writer's direct Henry SPANGLER continued residency on this land, having bought out his siblings right to 192 acres of the total 363 acres and 154  perches inherited by his mother and her heirs via Jonas' will, this being  the land held by the brothers Rudulph and Jonas and originally purchased by Casper-resurveyed by Rudolph on his brother Jonas' death. ^{13 p 40}. Henry died in Paradise township in 1791, and in 1818 his wife Maria Clara [purportedly Hoke] followed him and with this generation  our  direct lines in Springettsbury Manor end.
• Lydia SPANGLER, their daughter born 1785 assumedly on the land of her great grandfather, was already married to Adam SWOPE on her mother's death , and they resided in Gettysburg, Adams County Pennsylvania, Adam having removed himself from Hanover, Penna as an adult, where he had been raised and where his father Conrad Swope had settled in Digge's Choice. Digge's Choice , and the role of the Swope family as well as others of our allieds there, is discussed in its dedicated page, subpage to Manors of Pennsylvania of our forebears, and interfacing with this, the Springettsbury Manor page.

Footnote 1
Edward Spangler wrote:
"ìCaspar Spengler located with the "Permission of the State Proprietaries of the Province," and in virtue of the right of "Squatter Sovereignty" seven hundred and eleven acres of lime-stone land about one and a half miles east of that portion of the banks of the"Katores" on which York-Town was thirteen years later laid out. The plantation began at the northern range of hills and extended across what was later designated as the "Great Road leading from York-Town to Lancaster." It embraced the present magnificent Kohr, Schotzberger, Weidman, Matthews, and Keesey (lower portion) and several other farms. A deed for 385 acres thereof was executed by Thomas Penn to Caspar Spengler, October 30, 1736, the main consideration being settlement and improvements.Bernhard Spengler, a son of Caspar, December 1st, 1767, acquired the warrant and title to the northern section of 326 1/2 acres.The southern portion, bisected by the "Great Road," was conducted by Caspar in conjunction with his youngest son, Philip Caspar Spengler.

ìShortly after the above occupation and settlement, Caspar located a tract of land of seven hundred and nineteen acres, seven miles west of the Codorus Creek, "near the Little Conewago  Creek on the Conogocheague Road" (now the York and Gettysburg Turnpike,) on which he placed his sons, Jonas and Rudolph.A warrant for the same was issued October 16, 1738, to Caspar, who assigned his interest therein to his said two sons, and to whom patents were subsequently granted. The particulars attending this pre-emption will be found in subsequent pages. Caspar Spengler and his associate settlers were subjected to great inconveniences during the first decade of their settlement for want of suitable houses, mills and many family necessities.î ¹³
 
 
 

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To Supplemental Information linked from within above text regarding Blunston License

"In order to counteract the Maryland encrouchment, it was the policty of the proprietory agents to invite and encourage settlements on the borders. Such settlements were made within the manor of Springettsbury. ...Certificates of licenses were accordingly issued, promising patents upon the usual terms for which other lands int he county were sold. A commission was issued to Samuel Bluntson on the 11th of Jan 1733-4, to grant license to settle and take up land on the west side of the Susquehanna. The first license issued by Bluntson is dated 24 Jan 1733-4 and the last on 31 Oct 1737. All of the numerous licences prior to the 11th of Oct 1736  were for lands out of the Indian purchases: yet these grants, though at first rather irregular, were of right to b confirmed by the proprietors as soon as the lands were purchased of the Natives. The early settlement in York countycommenced in quarrels, and the effects of those quarrels have descended unto our days..."⁸.

"The practice of granting licenses to settle on land not yet purchased from the Indians created a new category of land. The licenses not only kept track of settlers who went beyond the treaty line, but also carried the promise that warrants would be granted as soon as the land was purchased from the Indians."

These licenses are found under the title Blunston Licenses, A Record of Licenses Granted to Sundry Persons to Settle & Take Up Land on the West Side of Susquehanna River" , {series #17.319} [Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Bureau of Archives and History Pennsylvania State Archives RG-17  RECORDS OF THE LAND OFFICE].
At that site, it states:

To account for the settlement they knew was occuring, and to profit from its occurence in regions not related to Springettsbury, the Penn Proprietor's issued Blunstone Licenses.

"Arranged chronologically by date of license. Indexed internally, alphabetically by surname of licensee.

"A loose register of licenses granted in lieu of warrants to settlers in Springettsbury Manor in present day York County and along the Conodoguinet Creek in present day Cumberland County and a list of licenses to settle granted to other "adventurers." This series is filed in folder 12 within the series Proprietary Papers, [ca. 1682-1788] {17.297}. The practice of granting licenses to settle on land not yet purchased from the Indians created a new category of land. The licenses not only kept track of settlers who went beyond the treaty line, but also carried the promise that warrants would be granted as soon as the land was purchased from the Indians. As early as 1718, James Logan had informally granted permission to a group of Scots-Irish immigrants to settle in West Conestoga Township in what was then Chester County and Deputy Governor William Keith had also secretly given permission for a group of Germans from Schoharie, New York to settle in the Tulpehocken Valley of the present day Berks County in 1723. Despite such early informal arrangements, the Blunston Licenses were the first official licenses authorized by Thomas Penn in 1736 for land that lay west of the Susquehanna River. [see same for SPANGLER] To protect proprietary interests in the border dispute with Maryland, he granted Samuel Blunston a commission to issue "licenses to settle" to German squatters and other "adventurers"  in this region and these resemble warrants and contain much of the same type of information. Licenses or certificates were also granted to traders who assisted in military occupation of the frontier and in securing the western fur trade. Examples of these can be found in the gentlemen's tract applications in the East Side Applications Register, 1765-1769 {series #17.37}. Information given is the date of the license, the name of the settler, the acreage licensed, and the location of the tract.

"In all cases where settlement occurred by license, regular warrants could not be granted until the land had been purchased from the Indians. To locate a warrant issued on the basis of a license or certificate, consult the warrant register of the county with jurisdiction at the time. For example, most of the earliest warrants issued on the Blunston licenses will be found in the Lancaster County warrant register because Lancaster County had jurisdiction west of the Susquehanna River until York County was erected in 1749 and Cumberland County in 1750."
Blunston Licenses, A Record of Licenses Granted to Sundry Persons to Settle & Take Up Land on the West Side of Susquehanna River" , {series #17.319} [Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Bureau of Archives and History Pennsylvania State Archives RG-17  RECORDS OF THE LAND OFFICE].

"Land settlement West of the Susquehanna River was neither normative nor encouraged until after this territory was fully released by treaty with the Native American Indians in 1736. After that date, generous inducements and terms were used to promote settlement and expansion into this region of Pennsylvania. The Proprietors' objective in land settlement was to encourage actual settlement at extremely favorable terms, then subsequently bringing the settlers under regular colonial oversight and taxation. The purchase price for 100 acres of land was fifteen pounds ten shillings; the quit rent was one sterling halfpenny per acre, per year, until 1776."⁹

Sources for this Page
1.  York County History Pages of York County Webpages
2. York Daily Record 1750-1775
3. Armstrong County Penn. Genealogy Project . Chapter 14 Manor Part 1  of the Manor Township pages. Sites: Source: Page(s) 310-345, History of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania by Robert Walker Smith, Esq. Chicago: Waterman, Watkins & Co., 1883. Transcribed January 1999 by Donna Mohney for the Armstrong County Smith Project. Published 1998 by the Armstrong County Pennsylvania Genealogy Project.

4. York County History Pages of York County Webpages

5. Book Abstract  presented in the  Pennsylvania Original Land Records Series for York County Pa webpage . Abstract involves "The Manor of Springettsbury, York County, Pa  It's History and Early Settlers" , York County Original Land Record Servies, Volume 6, Neal Otto Hively, 1993, 2nd Pringint 1997;; ISSN 1066-0100 (Series); ISBN 0-9638435-0-8, 272 pages. This book is available for sale also at Blairs' Book Service where Detail on the Volume Available

6. Pennsylvania Colonial Land Policy  Webpage  from Pennsylvania Original Land Records Series for York County, Pa  Website
 

7. Edward W. Spangler. The Annals of the Families of Caspar, Henry, Baltzer and George Spengler. York, Pennsylvania: The York Daily Publishing Co., 1896., p 119.

8. History of York County from its erection to the present time; [1729-1834] By W. C. Carter & A. J. Glossbrenner.
New edition; with Additions Edited by A. Monroe Aurand, Jr. Privately Printed: The Aurand Press: Harrisburg, Pa. 1930; page 3-9 ìManor of Springettsburyî
 

9. See PENNSYLVANIA ORIGINAL LAND RECORDS SERIESand DISPUTE WITH THE COLONY OF MARYLANDPENNSYLVANIA COLONIAL LAND POLICY entry

10. From:Hopkins, Leroy. ìBlack Eldorado on the Susquehanna: The Emergence of Black Columbia, 1726-1861î, Journal of the Lancaster County Historical Society. Vol 89, pp 110-132  Transcription available at Link

11. Book Synopsis by Purveyor Blair's Book Service of :
The Manor of Springettsbury, York Couny, Pennsylvania: It's History and Early Settlers, York County Original Land Records. (Volume 6), 272
pages, 1993. ISSN 1066 - 0100; ISBN0-9638435-0-8 First Printing 1993, Second Printing 1997. Survey listings #S-1 to S-391.

12. DISPUTE WITH THE COLONY OF MARYLAND entry at Page provided from  PENNSYLVANIA ORIGINAL LAND RECORDS SERIES
 

13. Edward W. Spangler. The Annals of the Families of Caspar, Henry, Baltzer and George Spengler. York, Pennsylvania: The York Daily Publishing Co., 1896.
⁸
page 8:
ìnot long after the survey, settlements were made under Pennsylvania rights: but as the lands were not fully puchased of the Indians until 1736, licensees to settle and take them up were in the mean time granted by Samuel Bluntson, who had been commissioned by the proprietaries, and in some casses too by Thomas Penn himself."^{8 page8}
 
 

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